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Friday, 2 December 2011

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Thursday, 24 November 2011

Natural hair styles

HOW TO HAIR CUT?


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Fed up with the price of "professional" haircuts? Tired of losing layers of skin off your scalp after using the RoboCut Vacuum Haircut machine? None of your friends want to do it because "they don't know how"? Then it's time to grab some scissors and get hacking!


 

Step 1Materials

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Here's a list of what you'll need:

Sharp Object -
While scissors are my weapon of choice, I imagine a steak knife, exacto, hedge trimmers or any other cutting tool would do the trick.

Electric Buzzer, Beard Trimmer and/or Razor (not pictured) -
No sense in mowing just half the lawn, is there? I will only be trimming my beard. Mainly because it has been so long since I actually shaved, I think I've forgotten how. If you wish to go for the clean look, then all the power to you!

Hair Disposal Unit -
I usually just use the bathroom trash bin. Putting it in the sink helps by not only acting as a second hair-catcher, but also puts the bin at a more practical height.

Numerous Fine, Usually Cylindrical, Keratinous Filaments Growing From The Skin of a Human -
Uh...that would be your hair, or if you want a practice go, try a mop.

Documentation Device (optional) -
To record my haircut I used a simple digital camera. Having learned from my mistake, I strongly advice the use of a tripod, since, as you will later see, I do not have three hands.

Step 2The first cut

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Now that you have your workplace set up, it's time to begin.

What's that? You're having second thoughts?

You are not alone my friend. But you must persevere!

With your scissors in your dominant hand, grab a large hunk of hair with your second hand. I suggest going for a patch right at the front. Once you've cut that off, there's really no going back.

Now simply squeeze the scissors with your thumb and index finger. Depending on the thickness of your hair, the amount of hair you are attacking and the quality of your blade you may need to get into a rhythm of squeezing and releasing over and over until you are through.

Step 3Disposing of your hair

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At this point you should have a clump of hair in your hand. Unless you plan on using it for something, it's time to toss it in the trash bin.

Simply hold the hair over the bin and release your grip. 

Step 4Keep on truckin'

Just repeat the previous steps, working your way from the top of your head to your dominant side.

Congratulations! You now have a skater cut. You'd be the coolest kid on the playground if it were 1995!

If for some reason you don't want a skater cut, I guess you'd better continue cutting on the other side.

Step 5And you thought you were finished

At this point the front of your head should be looking very professional, while the back is more casual. Hence the term 'business in front, party in the back,' which commonly refers to a mullet (or perhaps some sort of office place that is having a fiesta in the back room, but the losers are too 'professional' for margaritas and sombreros, so they're still working away in their cubicles).

It can get a bit tricky in the back, but by now you should be comfortable with your tool and can probably estimate how much hair you're cutting off. I guess you could get a second mirror to put behind you, but then your visual-motor skills would be all screwed up. Besides, when's the last time you saw the back of your head to see how even it is?

Step 6The beard

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If you really want to win the heart of that (insert gender of preference) that sits beside you in biology class, you're going to have to clean up that mess of hair you call a beard. That's right, I'm talking to you Sarah Fernbeck! *

Take out your electric buzzer, lubricate it and turn it on. Don't be scared though. It's more afraid of you than you are of it. Hold it with confidence, and trim a strip under your chin. Enjoy this moment, for it is your first and last chance to ever be taken seriously at a Motorhead show, at least until they notice your skinny, 10-year old boy arms.

Now that you have determined without a doubt that you are in fact softcore, continue trimming the rest of your facial hair.

  • I made up the name Sarah Fernbeck, so if that happens to be your name and you have a beard, take no offence. But seriously, you might want to at least give it a trim every once and a while.

    Step 7Cleaning up

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    You're brand new!

    Hop in the shower and give that scalp a good wash. Remember to have a second shirt lying around somewhere for when you get out of the shower. Putting on a shirt coated in tiny hair clippings doesn't really sound like fun.

    Nothing left to do but admire the weight of hair in the bag as you tie it up and walk it to the curb. You may feel the urge to store the hair under your bed, but chances are you'll find it a year later and there will be a colony of maggots living in it. Trust me.

    Step 8Conclusion

    Over the next few days you will undoubtedly find stray hairs that weren't properly cut, so keep those scissors handy.

    Now when people comment "You cut your hair," you can answer with pride "Yes I did!"

Friday, 18 November 2011

Conditions affecting hair color


Aging

A gray-haired man
Children born with some hair colors may find it gradually darkens as they grow. Many blond, strawberry blond, light brown, or red haired infants experience this. This is caused by genes being turned off and on during early childhood and puberty.[9]
Changes in hair color typically occur naturally as people age, eventually turning the hair gray and then white. This is called achromotrichia. More than 40 percent of Americans have some gray hair by age 40, but white hair can appear as early as childhood[citation needed]. The age at which graying begins seems almost entirely due to genetics. Sometimes people are born with gray hair because they inherit the trait.
Two genes appear to be responsible for the process of graying, Bcl2 and Bcl-w[10] The change in hair color occurs when melanin ceases to be produced in the hair root and new hairs grow in without pigment. Thestem cells at the base of hair follicles produce melanocytes, the cells that produce and store pigment in hair and skin. The death of the melanocyte stem cells causes the onset of graying.[11] It remains unclear why the stem cells of one hair follicle may die well over a decade before those in adjacent follicles less than a millimeter apart.
The anti-cancer drug Imatinib has recently been shown to reverse the graying process. However, it is much too expensive with potentially severe and deadly side effects to be used to alter a person's hair color. Nevertheless, if the mechanism of action of Imatinib on melanocyte stem cells can be discovered, it is possible that a safer and less expensive substitute drug might someday be developed.[12]

Sex

Generally, black hair is more common in men than in women. A recent study found that blond and red hair are more common in women than in men.[13][14]

Medical conditions

Albinism is a genetic abnormality in which little or no pigment is found in human hair, eyes or skin. The hair is often white or pale blond. However, it can be red, darker blond, light brown, or rarely, even dark brown.
Vitiligo is a patchy loss of hair and skin color that may occur as the result of an auto-immune disease.
Malnutrition is also known to cause hair to become lighter, thinner, and more brittle. Dark hair may turn reddish or blondish due to the decreased production of melanin. The condition is reversible with proper nutrition.
Werner syndrome and pernicious anemia can also cause premature graying.
A recent study demonstrated that people 50–70 years of age with dark eyebrows but gray hair are significantly more likely to have type II diabetes than those with both gray eyebrows and hair.[15]

Artificial factors

A 1996 British Medical Journal study conducted by J.G. Mosley, MD found that tobacco smoking may cause premature graying. Smokers were found to be four times more likely to begin graying prematurely, compared to nonsmokers.[16]
Gray hair may temporarily darken after inflammatory processes, after electron-beam-induced alopecia, and after some chemotherapy regimens. Much remains to be learned about the physiology of human graying.[17]
There are no special diets, nutritional supplements, vitamins, nor proteins that have been proven to slow, stop, or in any way affect the graying process, although many have been marketed over the years. However, French scientists treating leukemia patients with a new cancer drug noted an unexpected side effect: some of the patients' hair color was restored to their pre-gray color.[18]

Changes after death

The hair color of mummies or buried bodies can change. Hair contains a mixture of black-brown-yellow eumelanin and red pheomelanin. Eumelanin is less chemically stable than pheomelanin and breaks down faster when oxidized. It is for this reason that Egyptian mummies have reddish hair. The color of hair changes faster under extreme conditions. It changes more slowly under dry oxidizing conditions (such as in burials in sand or in ice) than under wet reducing conditions (such as burials in wood or plaster coffins).[19]

Hair coloring

A hairdresser colors a client's hair.
Hair color can be changed by a chemical process. Hair coloring is classed as "permanent" or "semi-permanent".
Permanent color, as the name suggests, permanently colors the hair - however because hair is constantly growing, the color will eventually grow out as new, uncolored hair grows in.
Permanent hair color gives the most flexibility because it can make hair lighter or darker as well as changing tone and color, but there are negatives. Constant (monthly or six-weekly) maintenance is essential to match new hair growing in to the rest of the hair, and remedy fading. A one-color permanent dye creates a flat, uniform color across the whole head, which can look unnatural and harsh, especially in a dark shade. To combat this, the modern trend is to use multiple colors - usually one color as a base with added highlights or lowlights in other shades.
Semi-permanent color washes out over a period of time – typically four to six weeks, so root regrowth is less noticeable. The final color of each strand is affected by its original color and porosity, so there will be subtle variations in color across the head - more natural and less harsh than a permanent dye. However, this means that gray and white hair will not dye to the same color as the rest of the head (in fact, some white hair will not absorb the color at all). A few gray and white hairs will blend in sufficiently not to be noticeable, but as they become more widespread, there will come a point where a semi-permanent alone will not be enough. The move to 100% permanent color can be delayed by using a semi-permanent as a base color, with permanent highlights.
Semi-permanent hair color cannot lighten hair. Hair can only be lightened using chemical lighteners, such as bleach. Bleaching is always permanent because it removes the natural pigment.
"Rinses" are a form of temporary hair color, usually applied to hair during a shampoo and washed out again the next time the hair is washed

Natural hair colors

Natural hair color can be black, brown, blond, or red. Hair color is typically genetically associated with certain skin tones and eye colors.

Brown hair

Brown hair is characterized by higher levels of eumelanin and lower levels of pheomelanin. Of the two types of eumelanin (black and brown), brown-haired people have brown eumelanin; they also usually have medium-thick strands of hair. Brown-haired people are often known asbrunettes/brunets.

Black hair

Black-like hair is the darkest and most common hair color. It has large amounts of eumelanin and is less dense than other hair colors. It can range from soft black to blue-black or jet-black.[2]

Blond hair


Auburn hair ranges along a spectrum of light to dark red-brown shades. The chemicals which cause auburn hair are
 eumelanin (brown) andpheomelanin (red), with a higher proportion of red-causing pheomelanin than what is found in average brown hair. It is most commonly found in individuals of Northern and Western European descent.Auburn hair

Chestnut Hair

Chestnut hair is a hair color which is a reddish shade of brown hair. In contrast to auburn hair, the reddish shade of chestnut is darker. Chestnut hair is common among the native peoples of Northern, Central, Western, and Eastern Europe.

Red hair

Red hair ranges from light strawberry blonde shades to titian, vivid oranges, copper, and less commonly "true" red. It is caused by a variation in the Mc1r gene and is recessive.[3] Red hair has the highest amounts of pheomelanin, around 67%, and usually low levels of eumelanin. At 1-2% of the population, it is the least common hair color in the world. It is most prominently found in Scotland and Ireland. Scotland has the highest proportion of redheads; 13 percent of the population has red hair and approximately 40 percent carries the recessive redhead gene.[4][5][6]

Grey and white hair

Grey or white hair — sometimes colloquially called "salt and pepper" — is not actually a true grey or white pigment. In fact, it is clear due to lack of pigmentation and melanin. The clear hairs appear as grey or white because of the way light reflects from the hairs. Grey hair color typically occurs naturally as people age (see "Effects of aging on hair color", below). For some people this can happen at a very young age (for example, at the age of 10). The same is true for white hair. In some cases, grey hair may be caused by thyroid deficiencies,Waardenburg syndrome or a deficiency of B12.[7]
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology published a study in 2005 which found that Caucasian people will begin to grey in their mid-30s while Asian people begin greying in their late thirties, but most African-American people can retain their original hair color until their mid-forties.[8] People with albinism may have white hair due to low amounts of melanin.